D2 Entrepreneur / Independent Professional Visa (Portugal): Requirements
Portugal residence route
D2 Entrepreneur / Independent Professional Visa
Retirees who intend to run a small business or consultancy in Portugal rather than live on passive income.
- Income threshold
- $1,003 / month
- Minimum age
- None
- Validity
- Residence visa leading to the standard permit cycle.
- Permanent residence
- Five years of legal residence
- Processing
- Comparable to the D7
The financial test in detail
Means of subsistence at minimum-wage level, plus a viable business plan and evidence of capital.
What the status gives you
- Work rights
- Yes, this is a work route.
- Government fees
- Visa: 90 EUR. Residence permit: 170 EUR.
Your document checklist for this route
9 documents in total, of which 2 need authentication: 1 through the U.S. Department of State and 1 through a Secretary of State. All authenticated documents also need certified translation into Portuguese.
- U.S. passport Identity and the physical book the visa is placed in. Lead time: Routine renewal takes weeks; check current published times
- Passport-format photographs Every application. Specifications differ by country and are enforced strictly. Lead time: Same day
- National long-stay visa application form The core filing. Almost always country-specific and often only valid if printed from the consulate portal. Lead time: Same day
- FBI Identity History Summary (background check) U.S. Department of State, Office of Authentications (federal) Apostille Almost every retirement and long-stay residence visa requires a national-level police clearance. For Americans that means the FBI Identity History Summary, not a local police letter, because consulates want a federal record covering all 50 states. Lead time: 1 to 10 days to obtain, then federal authentication
- Certified birth certificate Secretary of State for the issuing state Apostille Proves identity, nationality and, where relevant, family relationships for dependants. Lead time: 3 to 20 days depending on state
- Bank and brokerage statements Proof of savings or liquid assets, used either instead of income or alongside it. Lead time: 1 to 10 days
- Proof of accommodation in the destination country Italy, France, Spain and Greece in particular want to see where you will actually live. Lead time: Varies
- Private international health insurance certificate Nearly universal. Schengen countries usually require a minimum of EUR 30,000 of coverage valid across the zone; other countries set their own floor. Lead time: 1 to 3 days
- Certified translation of the authenticated set Non-English-speaking destinations require the document and its apostille translated by a translator they recognise. Lead time: 2 to 7 days
Why applications on this route fail
- The business plan is assessed on substance. A one-page outline attached to a savings balance is routinely refused.
Apply here
- Portuguese visa portal D2 criteria.
- 1 Obtain the record Order certified copies from the issuing authority. Do not use photocopies, scans or hospital souvenir certificates.
- 2 Notarise if required Letters and affidavits need a notary acknowledgement before any state can authenticate them. Government-issued vital records do not.
- 3 County clerk (some states) A handful of states require the county clerk to certify the notary commission before the Secretary of State will act.
- 4 Authenticate State-issued documents go to the Secretary of State of the issuing state. Federal documents go to the U.S. Department of State Office of Authentications.
- 5 Apostille or legalise Hague Convention destination: an apostille finishes the chain. Non-Hague destination: the document then goes to that country embassy or consulate for legalisation. For Portugal the apostille ends the chain.
- 6 Certified translation Translate the document together with its apostille. Translating first means paying twice.
- 7 File with the consulate Book the appointment at the consulate with jurisdiction over your state of residence and bring originals plus copies.
The expensive mistake: translating before the document is authenticated. The apostille or legalisation certificate is itself part of what the receiving government reads, so it has to be inside the translation. Do it the other way round and you pay for the same translation twice.
D2 Entrepreneur / Independent Professional Visa: common questions
How much income do I need for the D2 Entrepreneur / Independent Professional Visa?
The published threshold is about $1,003 a month for a single applicant. Means of subsistence at minimum-wage level, plus a viable business plan and evidence of capital.
Can I work on this visa?
Yes, this is a work route. This is the field applicants most often misread, and in several countries remote work for a U.S. employer counts as work performed locally.
What documents need an apostille?
For this route we count 2 documents needing authentication: 1 federal, through the U.S. Department of State, and 1 state-issued, through the Secretary of State of the issuing state. Portugal is a Hague Convention country, so an apostille completes the chain.
How long does it take?
Comparable to the D7 Consular decision is usually the fast part. AIMA appointment availability inside Portugal is what stretches the timeline.
Does it lead to permanent residence?
Permanent residence: Five years of legal residence. Citizenship: see the country guide.
Verified Sep 7, 2026
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This resource is provided free by Federal Apostille as an educational tool. It is not legal, tax, immigration or financial advice, and no attorney-client relationship is created by using it. Immigration rules, income thresholds, fees and processing times change frequently and often without notice, and consulates apply them differently. Always confirm current requirements with the official government source and the specific consulate that has jurisdiction over your U.S. state of residence before you act. Every figure on this site carries the date we last verified it and a link to the primary source.
